Childhood pemphigus vulgaris is a challenging diagnosis.

Pemphigus Vulgaris (PV) is an uncommon autoimmune and blistering mucocutaneous disease. Childhood Pemphigus Vulgaris (CPV) is a pediatric variant of PV, which affects children below 12 years, being very rare among children under 10 years of age. CPV has similar clinical, histological, and immunological features as seen in PV in adults. The mucocutaneous clinical presentation is the most common in both age groups. Vesicles and erosions arising from the disease usually cause pain. A few CPV cases have been reported in the literature. This study reports a case of an 8-year-old male patient with oral lesions since the age of 3 years, and the diagnosis of pemphigus was achieved only 2 years after the appearance of the initial lesions. CPV remains a rare disease, making the diagnosis of this clinical case a challenge due to its age of onset and clinical features presented by the patient. Therefore, dentists and physicians should know how to differentiate CPV from other bullous autoimmune diseases more common in childhood.

Knowledge of oral and oropharyngeal cancer by dental surgeons: an integrative review.

OBJECTIVES: to identify the evidence available in the literature on the knowledge of dentists regarding risk factors and early diagnosis of oral and oropharyngeal cancer. METHODS: it is an integrative review of the literature. Boolean descriptors and operators were searched in the PubMed and LILACS databases, using gray literature, in English, Spanish and Portuguese. RESULTS: of the 79 PubMed and 152 LILACS articles, 24 were selected. Of these, eight showed good knowledge of dentists, while most showed low or little knowledge of risk factors and early diagnosis in dentists. All studies, however, highlight the need for continuing education to improve and maintain knowledge about risk factors and early diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: most dental surgeons have insufficient knowledge of oral/oropharyngeal cancer. Continued education is suggested, aiming at improving knowledge and early diagnosis.

Oral focal mucinosis: A multi-institutional study and literature review.

BACKGROUND: Oral focal mucinosis (OFM) is a rare benign condition of unknown etiology, considered the oral counterpart of cutaneous focal mucinosis. We report the clinicopathologic features of 21 cases of OFM in conjunction with a review of the literature. METHODS: Clinical data were collected from the records of five oral and maxillofacial pathology services. All cases were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining, histochemistry, and immunohistochemistry (vimentin, S-100, α-SMA, CD34, and mast cell). RESULTS: The series comprised 14 females (66.7%) and seven males (33.3%), with a mean age of 48.2 ± 20.7 years (range: 8-77 years) and a 2:1 female-to-male ratio. Most of the lesions affected the gingiva (n = 6, 28.6%) and presented clinically as asymptomatic sessile or pedunculated nodules with fibrous or hyperplasic appearance. All cases were negative for S-100 protein, CD34, and α-SMA and positive for Alcian blue staining. Conservative surgical excision was the treatment in all cases, and there was only one recurrence. CONCLUSION: OFM is a rare benign disorder that is often clinically misdiagnosed as reactive lesions or benign proliferative processes. Dermatologists and pathologists should consider OFM in the differential diagnosis of soft tissue lesions in the oral cavity, mainly located in the gingiva.

Childhood pemphigus vulgaris is a challenging diagnosis

Pemphigus Vulgaris (PV) is an uncommon autoimmune and blistering mucocutaneous disease. Childhood Pemphigus Vulgaris (CPV) is a pediatric variant of PV, which affects children below 12 years, being very rare among children under 10 years of age. CPV has similar clinical, histological, and immunological features as seen in PV in adults. The mucocutaneous clinical presentation is the most common in both age groups. Vesicles and erosions arising from the disease usually cause pain. A few CPV cases have been reported in the literature. This study reports a case of an 8-year-old male patient with oral lesions since the age of 3 years, and the diagnosis of pemphigus was achieved only 2 years after the appearance of the initial lesions. CPV remains a rare disease, making the diagnosis of this clinical case a challenge due to its age of onset and clinical features presented by the patient. Therefore, dentists and physicians should know how to differentiate CPV from other bullous autoimmune diseases more common in childhood.

Legalidade e ética entre obstetras do serviço de aborto legal em Alagoas no atendimento às vítimas de estupro / Legality and ethics among obstetricians of the legal abortion service in Alagoas during the care for rape victims

Objetivo: Determinar o perfil ético profissional dos obstetras do serviço de aborto legal no estado de Alagoas (Brasil) e delinear um protocolo e fluxograma para auxiliar no atendimento de mulheres estupradas. Métodos: Realizamos um estudo observacional-transversal, prospectivo e descritivo, incluindo todos os 26 obstetras do serviço de aborto legal. Na fase 1, investigaram-se o conhecimento legal e a posição ética, enquanto na fase 2 foram construídos um protocolo e um fluxograma para guiar o serviço nos casos de aborto legal. Resultados: Na fase 1, identificamos que a maioria dos obstetras não conhecia os aspectos legais sobre o aborto, não se sentiam confortáveis em estar no serviço e apontaram várias limitações no funcionamento dele. Na fase 2, foram desenvolvidos um protocolo e um fluxograma aplicados aos casos em que uma mulher estuprada deseja abortar por métodos legais. Conclusão: O perfil dos obstetras do serviço de aborto legal é insuficiente para lidar com a complexidade do aborto no estado. O protocolo e o fluxograma delineados tiveram o propósito de ajudar o serviço de aborto legal do estado a lidar com esse problema público/social.(AU)

Objective: To determine the professional ethical profile of obstetricians from the legal abortion service in Alagoas state (Brazil) and to design a protocol and flowchart to help the attendance of raped woman. Methods: We performed an observational- -sectional, prospective and descriptive study including all 26 obstetricians from the legal abortion service. Phase 1 investigated the legal knowledge and ethical position, while phase 2 was the construction of a protocol and flowchart to guide the service in cases of legal abortion. Results: In the phase 1 we identified that most obstetrician did not know the legal aspects about abortion; did not few comfortable to be in the service and they pointed out several limitations of how service works. Phase 2 of the study was the development of a protocol and flowchart applied to the cases which a raped woman wants to abort by legal methods. Conclusion: The profile of obstetrician from the legal abortion service is insufficient to deal with the complexity of abort in the state. The protocol designed have the purpose to help the state legal abortion service to deal with this public/social problem.(AU)

Knowledge of oral and oropharyngeal cancer by dental surgeons: an integrative review / Conocimiento de los quirúrgicos dentistas sobre cáncer de boca y orofaríngeo: una revisión integrativa / Conhecimento dos cirurgiões-dentistas sobre câncer de boca e orofaringe: uma revisão integrativa

ABSTRACT Objectives: to identify the evidence available in the literature on the knowledge of dentists regarding risk factors and early diagnosis of oral and oropharyngeal cancer. Methods: it is an integrative review of the literature. Boolean descriptors and operators were searched in the PubMed and LILACS databases, using gray literature, in English, Spanish and Portuguese. Results: of the 79 PubMed and 152 LILACS articles, 24 were selected. Of these, eight showed good knowledge of dentists, while most showed low or little knowledge of risk factors and early diagnosis in dentists. All studies, however, highlight the need for continuing education to improve and maintain knowledge about risk factors and early diagnosis. Conclusions: most dental surgeons have insufficient knowledge of oral/oropharyngeal cancer. Continued education is suggested, aiming at improving knowledge and early diagnosis.

RESUMEN Objetivos: identificar evidencias disponibles en la literatura sobre el conocimiento de los quirúrgicos dentistas cuanto a los factores de riesgo y diagnóstico precoz del cáncer de boca/ orofaríngeo. Métodos: revisión integrativa de la literatura. Se realizaron búsquedas mediante los descriptores y operadores booleanos en base de datos PubMed y LILACS, con uso de literatura gris, en los idiomas inglés, español y portugués. Resultados: de los 79 artículos del PubMed y 152 del LILACS, 24 seleccionados. De estos, ocho mostraron bueno conocimiento de los dentistas, mientras la mayoría mostró bajo o poco conocimiento sobre factores de riesgo y diagnóstico precoz en dentistas. Todos los estudios, aunque, destacan la necesidad de educación continuada para mejorar y mantener el conocimiento sobre factores de riesgo y diagnóstico precoz. Conclusiones: gran parte de los quirúrgicos dentistas presenta un conocimiento insuficiente sobre cáncer de boca/orofaríngeo. Sugerida educación continuada, objetivando mejorar el conocimiento y el diagnóstico precoz.

RESUMO Objetivos: identificar as evidências disponíveis na literatura sobre o conhecimento dos cirurgiõesdentistas quanto aos fatores de risco e diagnóstico precoce do câncer de boca e orofaringe. Métodos: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura. Foram realizadas buscas mediante os descritores e operadores booleanos na base de dados PubMed e LILACS, com uso de literatura cinza, nos idiomas inglês, espanhol e portugês. Resultados: dos 79 artigos do PubMed e 152 do LILACS, 24 foram selecionados. Destes, oito mostraram bom conhecimento dos dentistas, enquanto a maioria mostrou baixo ou pouco conhecimento sobre fatores de risco e diagnóstico precoce em dentistas. Todos os estudos, no entanto, destacam a necessidade de educação continuada para melhorar e manter o conhecimento sobre fatores de risco e diagnóstico precoce. Conclusões: grande parte dos cirurgiões-dentistas apresenta um conhecimento insuficiente sobre câncer de boca/orofaringe. É sugerida a educação continuada, visando melhorar o conhecimento e o diagnóstico precoce.

Prevalence, antifungal susceptibility and virulence determinants of oral yeast species isolated from immunodeficient patients in Northeastern Brazil / Prevalência, suscetibilidade a antifúngicos e determinantes de virulência de leveduras orais isoladas de pacientes imunodeficientes do Nordeste do Brasil / Prevalencia, susceptibilidad antifúngica y determinantes de virulencia de levaduras orales aisladas de pacientes inmunodeficientes del Noreste de Brasil

Justificativa e Objetivos: A candidíase oral tem uma ocorrência comum em pacientes imunocomprometidos. No entanto, outras infecções emergentes tornaram-se cada vez mais habituais. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a prevalência, os determinantes de virulência e a suscetibilidade a antifúngicos de leveduras que colonizam a mucosa de pacientes imunocomprometidos na região Nordeste do Brasil. Métodos: A amostra foi composta por 60 pacientes HIV positivos atendidos no Serviço de Atendimento Especializado/Hospital Dia do Hospital Universitário Prof. Alberto Antunes, vinculado à Universidade Federal de Alagoas. As amostras foram coletadas em regiões subgengivais e semeadas em CHROMagar para confirmação presuntiva de Candida spp., seguido por PCR e sequenciamento. Além disso, testamos os determinantes de virulência fosfolipase e protease e avaliamos in vitro a concentração inibitória mínima dos antifúngicos anfotericina B e fluconazol. Este projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de ética em pesquisa do Centro de Estudos Superiores de Maceió. Resultados: Aproximadamente 63% dos pacientes foram colonizados por leveduras. A espécie C. albicans foi predominante, enquanto as espécies de Candida não-albicans representaram 49% dos isolados, sendo C. dubliniensis e C. parapsilosis as mais comuns. Entretanto, C. intermedia, Bullera penniseticola e Naganishia liquefaciens também foram encontrados. Os determinantes da virulência protease e/ou fosfolipase também foram produzidos por Candida spp. e alguns isolados oportunistas incomuns como Kodamaea ohmeri, N. liquefaciens e Saitozyma podzolica. Além disso, a maioria dos isolados de Candida spp. e algumas espécies oportunistas incomuns apresentaram altos valores de concentração inibitória mínima. Conclusão: Os resultados obtidos indicam que C. albicans continua a ser a espécie predominante na cavidade oral de pacientes imunodeficientes e, juntamente com outras espécies incomuns, pode apresentar alta resistência aos antifúngicos testados.(AU)

Background and Objectives: Oral candidiasis has a common occurrence in immunocompromised patients. However, other emergent infections have become increasingly common. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence, virulence determinants and the antifungal susceptibility of yeast colonizing the mucosa of immunocompromised patients in Northeastern Brazil. Methods: Samples from sixty HIV-positive patients seen at the Specialized Service / Hospital Dia - Hospital Universitário Prof. Alberto Antunes from the Federal University of Alagoas were collected from subgingival sites and seeded on CHROMagar for presumptive confirmation of Candida spp. followed by PCR and sequencing. In addition, we tested virulence determinants, phospholipase and protease and evaluated in vitro the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of antifungals amphotericin B and fluconazole. This project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Center for Higher Studies in Maceió. Results: Approximately 63% of the patients were colonized by yeasts, with C. albicans as the predominant species, while non-Candida albicans species accounted for 49% of the isolates, with C. dubliniensis and C. parapsilosis being the commonest, but C. intermedia, Bullera penniseticola and Naganishia liquefaciens were also found. The virulence determinants protease and/or phospholipase were also produced by Candida spp. and some uncommon opportunistic isolates such as Kodamaea ohmeri, N. liquefaciens and Saitozyma podzolica. Furthermore, most of Candida spp. strains and some uncommon opportunistic species showed high values of minimal inhibitory concentration. Conclusion: Results obtained indicate that C. albicans continues to be the predominant species in oral cavity of immunodeficient patients and along with other unusual species may present high resistance to the antifungals tested.(AU)

Justificación y Objetivos: La candidiasis oral acomete con frecuencia a pacientes inmunocomprometidos. Sin embargo, otras infecciones emergentes se han vuelto cada vez más comunes. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la prevalencia, la producción de determinantes de virulencia y la susceptibilidad a antifúngicos de levaduras que colonizan la mucosa de pacientes inmunocomprometidos en la región Nordeste de Brasil. Métodos: Se colectaron muestras de sesenta pacientes VIH positivos atendidos en el Servicio de Atención Especializado/Hospital Día del Hospital Universitario Prof. Alberto Antunes, vinculado a la Universidad Federal de Alagoas. Se colectaron las muestras en las regiones subgingivales y las sembraron en CHROMagar para la presunta confirmación de Candida spp. seguido de PCR y secuenciación. Además, analizamos los determinantes de virulencia fosfolipasa y proteasa y evaluamos in vitro la concentración mínima inhibitoria de los antifúngicos anfotericina B y fluconazol. Este proyecto fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación del Centro de Estudios Superiores de Maceió. Resultados: Aproximadamente el 63% de los pacientes fueron colonizados por levaduras, y la C. albicans fue la especie predominante, mientras que las especies de Candida no-albicans representaron el 49% de los aislamientos, de las cuales la C. dubliniensis y la C. parapsilosis fueron las más comunes. Sin embargo, también se encontraron C. intermedia, Bullera penniseticola y Naganishia liquefaciens. Los determinantes de virulencia de proteasa y/o fosfolipasa también fueron producidos por Candida spp. y algunos aislados oportunistas inusuales como Kodamaea ohmeri, N. liquefaciens y Saitozyma podzolica. Además, la mayoría de los asilados de Candida spp. y algunas especies oportunistas inusuales mostraron valores altos de concentración mínima inhibitoria. Conclusión: Los resultados obtenidos indican que C. albicans continúa siendo la especie predominante en la cavidad oral de pacientes inmunodeprimidos y, junto con otras especies poco comunes, puede presentar una alta resistencia a los antifúngicos evaluados.(AU)

The use of multiple triangulations as a validation strategy in a qualitative study. / O uso de triangulação múltipla como estratégia de validação em um estudo qualitativo.

This paper aims to present the use of triangulation in qualitative research as a strategy to achieve the proposed objectives, to ensure credibility, reliability, and greater scientific accuracy in its achievement. In this sense, triangulation - since it is not restricted to the use of only one method, theory, data source or researcher in the process of analyzing an event - allows the apprehension of a given reality from several angles, enabling information confrontation, in order to minimize bias resulting from a single analytical perspective. Thus, aiming at evidencing the possibilities of using such a methodological design, we used as an example a qualitative study about experiences of caregivers for patients with head and neck neoplasms, developed through multiple triangulation, namely: methodological (intra-method), data, researcher and environmental triangulation. When demonstrating a structured study in the form of triangulation, one aims to guide researchers interested in conducting qualitative studies with greater depth and methodological rigor in qualitative research.

Este artigo objetiva apresentar o uso da triangulação na pesquisa qualitativa como estratégia para atingir os objetivos propostos, garantir credibilidade, confiabilidade e maior rigor científico em sua realização. Nesse sentido, a triangulação ­ por não se restringir à utilização de apenas um método, teoria, fonte de dados ou investigador no processo de análise de um mesmo fenômeno ­ possibilita a apreensão de uma dada realidade sob diversos ângulos, possibilitando o confrontamento de informações, de maneira a minimizar vieses resultantes de uma única perspectiva de análise. Com o intuito de evidenciar as possibilidades do uso de tal desenho metodológico, utilizou-se como exemplo um estudo qualitativo sobre vivências de cuidadores de pacientes com neoplasia de cabeça e pescoço, desenvolvido por meio de triangulação múltipla, a saber: triangulação metodológica (intramétodo), de dados, de investigador e ambiental. Ao se demonstrar um estudo estruturado, em forma de triangulação, tem-se como finalidade orientar pesquisadores interessados em realizar estudos qualitativos com um maior aprofundamento e rigor metodológico em pesquisa qualitativa.

O uso de triangulação múltipla como estratégia de validação em um estudo qualitativo / The use of multiple triangulations as a validation strategy in a qualitative study

Resumo Este artigo objetiva apresentar o uso da triangulação na pesquisa qualitativa como estratégia para atingir os objetivos propostos, garantir credibilidade, confiabilidade e maior rigor científico em sua realização. Nesse sentido, a triangulação - por não se restringir à utilização de apenas um método, teoria, fonte de dados ou investigador no processo de análise de um mesmo fenômeno - possibilita a apreensão de uma dada realidade sob diversos ângulos, possibilitando o confrontamento de informações, de maneira a minimizar vieses resultantes de uma única perspectiva de análise. Com o intuito de evidenciar as possibilidades do uso de tal desenho metodológico, utilizou-se como exemplo um estudo qualitativo sobre vivências de cuidadores de pacientes com neoplasia de cabeça e pescoço, desenvolvido por meio de triangulação múltipla, a saber: triangulação metodológica (intramétodo), de dados, de investigador e ambiental. Ao se demonstrar um estudo estruturado, em forma de triangulação, tem-se como finalidade orientar pesquisadores interessados em realizar estudos qualitativos com um maior aprofundamento e rigor metodológico em pesquisa qualitativa.

Abstract This paper aims to present the use of triangulation in qualitative research as a strategy to achieve the proposed objectives, to ensure credibility, reliability, and greater scientific accuracy in its achievement. In this sense, triangulation - since it is not restricted to the use of only one method, theory, data source or researcher in the process of analyzing an event - allows the apprehension of a given reality from several angles, enabling information confrontation, in order to minimize bias resulting from a single analytical perspective. Thus, aiming at evidencing the possibilities of using such a methodological design, we used as an example a qualitative study about experiences of caregivers for patients with head and neck neoplasms, developed through multiple triangulation, namely: methodological (intra-method), data, researcher and environmental triangulation. When demonstrating a structured study in the form of triangulation, one aims to guide researchers interested in conducting qualitative studies with greater depth and methodological rigor in qualitative research.

Oral melanomas in HIV-positive patients: Report of two cases and review of the literature.

Oral melanoma in HIV-positive patients is exceedingly rare, with only two cases reported in the literature published in English. Herein, we report two additional cases of oral melanomas which occurred as oral masses in the upper gingiva and hard palate in 35- and 27-year-old HIV-positive women. Significant thrombocytopenia, anemia, reduced CD4 cells, and high HIV load occurred in both patients. Microscopically, the lesions showed a variable proliferation of fusiform and epithelioid-pigmented cells, with cellular pleomorphism and high mitotic index. The diagnosis of melanoma was supported by positive immunoreactivity for S-100, MelanA, and HMB-45. Both cases had an unfavorable outcome, and the patients died a few months after the initial diagnosis. Because of its rarity, oral melanoma occurring in HIV-positive patients can pose problems in diagnosis and should be clinically distinguished from Kaposi's sarcoma, which is more common in the context of the immunodeficiency syndrome.

Smoking-Alcohol-Sex Exposure and Knowledge About Oral and Oropharyngeal Cancer Among Brazilian Adolescents: An Exploratory-Observational Approach

Abstract Objective: To investigate the involvement of young Brazilian students about five behaviors: tobacco use, alcohol consumption, sexual intercourse, knowledge about HPV, and knowledge about oral and oropharyngeal cancer. Material and Methods: Through a cross-section design, we explored some factors that might be associated with boys and girls. Statistical Regression methods were applied to identify differences, considering the estimation of the Odds Ratio. Results: Half of the sample had already consumed alcohol and at least 1 in 10 individuals had already tried smoking. One-third of adolescents have had sexual intercourse. Three factors related to boys were associated in the multiple regression analysis: have heard about HPV, have not heard about oral cancer, and think that HPV can cause oropharyngeal cancer. In conclusion, it seems that boys and girls were equally exposed to smoking-alcohol-sex; however, some differences were verified concerning the knowledge about HPV and oral / oropharyngeal cancer. Conclusion: Keep monitoring adolescents should be a priority to our study area, considering that those youngers had already being exposed to the risk factors for cancer.

Impacts of health of users with HIV/AIDS in a specialized service / Impactos de la salud bucal de usuarios con VIH/SIDA en un servicio especializado / Impactos da saúde bucal de usuários com HIV/Aids em um serviço especializado

ABSTRACT Objective: to understand the perception of users of a Specialized Care Service (SAE- Serviço de Assistência Especializada) in HIV/AIDS about their oral health. Method: qualitative research that used the techniques of participant observation and focal group. For the analysis of the material produced, categories of analysis, construction of dialogical map and identification of linguistic repertoires were used. Results: impacts arising from oral health problems such as: inability to eat properly, feeling ashamed due to tooth loss, inability to perform physical exercises and, as the main barrier to access to dental treatment, fear of exposure to practices of discrimination and prejudice. Final considerations: we need the implementation of policies of Permanent Education to all professionals involved in the care for this population, to ensure users' rights, ensure qualified care, and create security and trust relationships with individuals living with HIV/AIDS, in access to services.

RESUMEN Objetivo: comprender la percepción de los usuarios de un Servicio de Asistencia Especializada en VIH/SIDA sobre su salud bucal. Método: investigación cualitativa, con uso de las técnicas de observación participante y grupo focal. Para el análisis del material producido, se utilizaron categorías de análisis, construcción de mapa dialógico e identificación de repertorios lingüísticos. Resultados: se identificaron impactos provenientes de los problemas de salud bucal como: no puede alimentarse adecuadamente, sentimiento de vergüenza debido a la pérdida dental, incapacidad de realizar ejercicios físicos y, como principal barrera de acceso al tratamiento odontológico, el temor de exposición a prácticas de discriminación y prejuicio. Consideraciones finales: se necesita de la implementación de políticas de Educación Permanente a todos los profesionales involucrados en el cuidado a esta población, para atender a los derechos de los usuarios, garantizar atención calificada y crear relaciones de seguridad y confianza con los individuos viviendo con VIH/SIDA, en el acceso a los derechos mantenimiento.

RESUMO Objetivo: compreender a percepção de usuários de um Serviço de Assistência Especializada em HIV/Aids sobre sua saúde bucal. Método: pesquisa qualitativa, com uso das técnicas de observação participante e grupo focal. Para análise do material produzido, utilizaram-se categorias de análise, construção de mapa dialógico e identificação de repertórios linguísticos. Resultados: identificaram-se impactos advindos dos problemas de saúde bucal como: não conseguir alimentar-se adequadamente, sentimento de vergonha devido à perda dentária, incapacidade de realizar exercícios físicos e, como principal barreira de acesso ao tratamento odontológico, o receio de exposição a práticas de discriminação e preconceito. Considerações finais: necessita-se da implementação de políticas de Educação Permanente a todos os profissionais envolvidos no cuidado a esta população, para atender aos direitos dos usuários, garantir atendimento qualificado e criar relações de segurança e confiança com os indivíduos vivendo com HIV/Aids, no acesso aos serviços.

Impacts of health of users with HIV/AIDS in a specialized service.

OBJECTIVE: to understand the perception of users of a Specialized Care Service (SAE- Serviço de Assistência Especializada) in HIV/AIDS about their oral health. METHOD: qualitative research that used the techniques of participant observation and focal group. For the analysis of the material produced, categories of analysis, construction of dialogical map and identification of linguistic repertoires were used. RESULTS: impacts arising from oral health problems such as: inability to eat properly, feeling ashamed due to tooth loss, inability to perform physical exercises and, as the main barrier to access to dental treatment, fear of exposure to practices of discrimination and prejudice. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: we need the implementation of policies of Permanent Education to all professionals involved in the care for this population, to ensure users' rights, ensure qualified care, and create security and trust relationships with individuals living with HIV/AIDS, in access to services.

Counseling practices in Sexually Transmitted Infections/AIDS: the female health professionals' perspective / Prácticas de aconsejamiento en Infecciones Sexualmente Transmisibles/SIDA: la perspectiva de las profesionales de la salud / Práticas de aconselhamento em infecções sexualmente transmissíveis/aids: perspectiva das profissionais de saúde

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the health professionals' perception about counseling in a Centro de Testagem e Aconselhamento em Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis (Center for Testing and Counseling in Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) and AIDS) in Maceió, Alagoas. Method: it is a qualitative research, with theoretical framework of the Discursive Practices and Production of Senses in the daily life carried out with the participation of 6 counselors. For research material production, the 'Conversation Round' technique and the semi-structured script were used. For material treatment the Discourse Analysis method was used, resulting in the production of analysis categories and Dialogic Maps. Results: in the current policies and actions of STI/AIDS, there is centralization in the procedures of anti-HIV testing and displacement of the professional counselor, undoing the testing and counseling. Final considerations: the study indicates the need to overcome the instrumental and prescriptive models of counseling to produce a dialogical process of care and co-responsibility.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar la percepción de las profesionales de la salud sobre sus prácticas de asesoramiento en un Centro de Pruebas y Aconsejamiento en infecciones sexualmente transmisibles (Centro de Testagem e Aconselhamento em infecções sexualmente transmissíveis - IST) y el SIDA en la ciudad de Maceió, estado de Alagoas. Método: se trata de una investigación cualitativa, con referencial teórico de las Prácticas Discursivas y la Producción de Sentidos en el Cotidiano, realizada con la participación de 6 consejeras. Para la producción del material de la investigación, se utilizó la técnica de la Rueda de Conversación y el plan semiestructurado. Para el tratamiento del material se utilizó el método de Análisis del Discurso, resultando en la producción de categorías de análisis y Mapas Dialógicos. Resultados: se identificó que, en las actuales políticas y acciones de las IST y el SIDA, existe una centralización en los procedimientos de prueba anti-VIH y el desplazamiento del profesional aconsejador, deshaciendo el test de la díada y el aconsejamiento. Consideraciones finales: el estudio indica la necesidad de superar los modelos instrumentales y prescriptivos de aconsejamiento, a fin de producir un proceso dialógico de cuidado y corresponsabilización.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar a percepção de profissionais de saúde sobre práticas de aconselhamento em um Centro de Testagem e Aconselhamento em Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis (IST) e Aids em Maceió, Alagoas. Método: trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, com referencial teórico das Práticas Discursivas e Produção de Sentidos no Cotidiano, realizada com a participação de 6 aconselhadoras. Para a produção do material da pesquisa, utilizou-se a técnica da Roda de Conversa e o roteiro semiestruturado. Para o tratamento do material foi utilizado o método de Análise do Discurso, resultando na produção de categorias de análise e Mapas Dialógicos. Resultados: identificou-se que, nas atuais políticas e ações de IST/Aids, existe uma centralização nos procedimentos de testagem anti-HIV e deslocamento do profissional aconselhador, desfazendo a díade testagem e o aconselhamento. Considerações finais: o estudo indica a necessidade de superar os modelos instrumentais e prescritivos de aconselhamento para se produzir um processo dialógico de cuidado e corresponsabilização.

Counseling practices in Sexually Transmitted Infections/AIDS: the female health professionals' perspective.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the health professionals' perception about counseling in a Centro de Testagem e Aconselhamento em Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis (Center for Testing and Counseling in Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) and AIDS) in Maceió, Alagoas. METHOD: it is a qualitative research, with theoretical framework of the Discursive Practices and Production of Senses in the daily life carried out with the participation of 6 counselors. For research material production, the 'Conversation Round' technique and the semi-structured script were used. For material treatment the Discourse Analysis method was used, resulting in the production of analysis categories and Dialogic Maps. RESULTS: in the current policies and actions of STI/AIDS, there is centralization in the procedures of anti-HIV testing and displacement of the professional counselor, undoing the testing and counseling. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: the study indicates the need to overcome the instrumental and prescriptive models of counseling to produce a dialogical process of care and co-responsibility.

Expression of mitochondrial dynamics markers during melanoma progression: Comparative study of head and neck cutaneous and mucosal melanomas.

BACKGROUND: Head and neck mucosal melanomas (MMs) are rare tumors with adverse outcomes and poorer prognoses than their more common cutaneous counterparts (cutaneous melanomas-CMs). Few studies have compared the expression of mitochondrial dynamic markers in these tumors. This study aimed to assess the correlations of mitochondrial markers with melanoma progression and their potential as predictors of lymph node involvement and distant metastasis. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry against anti-mitochondrial (AMT), dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), mitochondrial fission protein 1 (FIS1), mitofusin-1 (MFN1), and mitofusin-2 (MFN2) antibodies was performed in 112 cases of head and neck CM and MM. A Cox regression multivariate model was used to assess the correlation of AMT, FIS1, and MFN2 expressions considering the risk for nodal and distant metastasis. RESULTS: All markers studied presented higher staining in tumor cells than normal adjacent tissues. Higher mitochondrial content was observed in MM than in CM, and it was significantly associated with nodal metastasis in oral melanomas. Both FIS1 and DRP1 expressions were related to advanced Clark's levels in CM, and they were overexpressed in oral melanomas. Moreover, increased immunoexpression of MFN2 was significantly associated with a higher risk of metastasis in CM, and it was also overexpressed in sinonasal melanomas. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that mitochondrial fission and fusion processes can play an important role during multiple stages of tumorigenesis and the development of nodal and distant metastasis in cutaneous and mucosal melanomas.

Fatal Disseminated Kaposi's Sarcoma in Two Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection.

BACKGROUND Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a common condition in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In these patients, the occurrence of KS is reduced by treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Fatal and disseminated KS is presented in two patients with HIV/AIDS. CASE REPORT A 25-year-old man and a 30-year-old man with HIV/AIDS presented with KS affecting the skin, oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, liver, lungs, kidneys, adrenal glands, and bone. Both patients had a rapidly deteriorating clinical course associated with a low CD4 count and developed respiratory failure and death. CONCLUSIONS Fatal disseminated KS is associated with severe immunosuppression due to with a low CD4 count. The presentation of these two cases highlights the potentially aggressive clinical course of KS in patients with HIV/AIDS and reinforces the need for early diagnosis and rapid treatment with HAART.

Dysphagia due to macroglossia in a patient with amyloidosis associated with multiple myeloma: A case report.

Amyloidosis is a group of heterogeneous conditions characterized by the deposition of extracellular proteinaceous substances called amyloids. The diagnosis is usually confirmed after a particular body organ has been affected. However, oral manifestations have been identified in 39% of affected patients. Systemic amyloidosis may be primary or in association with multiple myeloma and typically affecting elder adults. The diagnosis of amyloidosis is usually associated with clinical features with histopathological findings, which reveal the presence of acellular eosinophilic deposits. The aim of this report is to describe a clinical case of an elderly patient with dysphagia related to macroglossia and enlargement caused by primary amyloidosis associated with multiple myeloma.

Queilite actínica: relato de caso / Actinic cheilitis: case report

A Queilite Actínica (QA) é uma condição clínica que acomete o vermelhão do lábio inferior intimamente relacionada com com exposição excessiva à luz solar. Geralmente acomete o sexo masculino acima de 45 anos. O caso apresenta um paciente gênero masculino, leucoderma, 59 anos, com lesão de atrofia da borda do vermelhão do lábio inferior, superfícies lisas, manchas eritroleucoplásicas, limites nítidos e formato irregular. O diagnóstico clínico foi de Queilite Actínica. A biópsia incisional foi conduzida e apresentou microscopicamente um epitélio estratificado pavimentoso hiperqueratinizado com áreas de acantose, a lâmina própria era fibrosa, exibia infiltrado inflamatório crônico e uma faixa basofílica amorfa e acelular consistente com elastose solar proeminente e um quadro de Displasia Moderada. O tratamento proposto foi a vermelhectomia, mas houve recusa do paciente em realizar esse procedimento. Diante das alterações, percebe-se a importância do cirurgião- dentista na precisão do diagnóstico precoce e tratamento, impedindo a transformação maligna da lesão. (AU)

Actinic cheilitis (AC) is a common clinical condiction which affects the lower lip vermilion closely related to excessive exposure to sunlight. Usually affects males above 45 years. The case features a male patient, leucoderma, 59, edge of atrophic lesion of the lower lip vermilion, smooth surfaces, eritroleucoplásicas spots, clear limits and irregular shape. The clinical diagnosis was Actinic cheilitis. The incisional biopsy was conducted and microscopically presented a stratified epithelium hiperqueratinizado with areas of acanthosis, the lamina propria was fibrous, showed chronic inflammatory infiltrate and basophilic amorphous band and acellular consistent with prominent solar elastosis and Dysplasia Moderate frame. The proposed treatment was vermilionectomy but was patient refusal to perform this procedure. Faced with the changes, we see the importance of dental surgeon on the accuracy of early diagnosis and treatment, preventing malignant transformation of the lesion. (AU)

Hearing handicap in patients with chronic kidney disease: a study of the different classifications of the degree of hearing loss / O Handicap auditivo em pacientes com doença renal crônica: um estudo das diferentes classificações do grau da perda auditiva

Abstract Introduction: The association between hearing loss and chronic kidney disease and hemodialysis has been well documented. However, the classification used for the degree of loss may underestimate the actual diagnosis due to specific characteristics related to the most affected auditory frequencies. Furthermore, correlations of hearing loss and hemodialysis time with hearing handicap remain unknown in this population. Objective: To compare the results of Lloyd's and Kaplan's and The Bureau Internacional d'Audiophonologie classifications in chronic kidney disease patients, and to correlate the averages calculated by their formulas with hemodialysis time and the hearing handicap. Methods: This is an analytical, observational and cross-sectional study with 80 patients on hemodialysis. Tympanometry, speech audiometry, pure tone audiometry and interview of patients with hearing loss through Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adults. Cases were classified according to the degree of loss. The correlations of tone averages with hemodialysis time and the total scores of Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adults and its domains were verified. Results: 86 ears (53.75%) had hearing loss in at least one of the tonal averages in 48 patients who responded to Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adults. The Bureau Internacional d'Audiophonologie classification identified a greater number of cases (n = 52) with some degree of disability compared to Lloyd and Kaplan (n = 16). In the group with hemodialysis time of at least 2 years, there was weak but statistically significant correlation of The Bureau Internacional d'Audiophonologie classification average with hemodialysis time (r = 0.363). There were moderate correlations of average The Bureau Internacional d'Audiophonologie classification (r = 0.510) and tritone 2 (r = 0.470) with the total scores of Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adults and with its social domain. Conclusion: The Bureau Internacional d'Audiophonologie classification seems to be more appropriate than Lloyd's and Kaplan's for use in this population; its average showed correlations with hearing loss in patients with hemodialysis time ≥ 2 years and it exhibited moderate levels of correlation with the total score of Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adults and its social domain (r = 0.557 and r = 0.512).

Resumo Introdução: A associação entre perda auditiva e doença renal crônica e hemodiálise tem sido bem documentada. Porém, a classificação usada para o grau da perda pode subestimar o real diagnóstico devido a características específicas em relação às frequências auditivas mais acometidas. Além disso, correlações da perda auditiva e do tempo de hemodiálise com o handicap auditivo permanecem desconhecidas nessa população. Objetivo: Comparar os resultados das classificações de Lloyd e Kaplan e do Bureau Internacional d'Audiophonologie em pacientes com doença renal crônica e correlacionar as médias calculadas por suas fórmulas com o tempo de hemodiálise e com o handicap auditivo. Método: Estudo analítico, observacional e transversal com 80 pacientes em hemodiálise. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a timpanometria, logoaudiometria, audiometria tonal limiar e os pacientes com perda auditiva foram entrevistados através do Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adults. A classificação dos casos foi feita de acordo com o grau da perda. Foram verificadas as correlações das médias tonais com o tempo de hemodiálise e com as pontuações totais do Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adults e seus domínios. Resultados: Em 48 pacientes que responderam ao Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adults, 86 orelhas (53,75%) apresentaram perda auditiva em pelo menos uma das médias tonais. A classificação do Bureau Internacional d'Audiophonologie identificou maior número de casos (n = 52) que apresentavam algum grau de deficiência do que a classificação de Lloyd e Kaplan (n = 16). No grupo com tempo de hemodiálise a partir de dois anos, houve correlação fraca, mas estatisticamente significante, da média da classificação do Bureau Internacional d'Audiophonologie com o tempo de hemodiálise (r = 0,363). Houve correlações moderadas das médias da classificação do Bureau Internacional d'Audiophonologie (r = 0,510) e tritonal 2 (r = 0,470) com pontuações totais do Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adults e com seu domínio social. Conclusão: A classificação do Bureau Internacional d'Audiophonologie mostra-se mais adequada do que a de Lloyd e Kaplan nessa população, sua média apresentou correlações com perdas auditivas em pacientes com tempo de hemodiálise ≥ 2 anos e manteve níveis moderados de correlação com a pontuação total do Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adults e seu domínio social (r = 0,557 e r = 0,512).